Vocabulary
Choose the best option,
A, B, C, or D, to complete these sentences.
1. They have almost entirely automated
the assembly line, which has led to
spectacular reductions in labour costs.
A.
Construction B. output C. assembly D.manufacture
2. The new installations have allowed us
to expand our production……… by 50%.
A.
Ability B. capacity C. capability D. volume
3. We run a learn manufacturing process,
which means we avoid……. Components before we need them.
A.
Keeping B. holding C. collecting D. stockpiling
4. We now have about 50 more workers on
our……… in spite of our productivity drive.
A.
Stafflist B. payroll C. salary bill D. wage packet
5. Magro toys has…… workers by automating
the plant.
A.
Dropped B. cut down C. decreased D. shed
6. Most staff savings have been achieved
by natural………. , such as early retirement and workers and workers leaving
voluntarily to take up employment elsewhere/
A.
Loss B. dropping C. wastage D. cutting
Grammar
Complete these sentences
with the correct form the modal verb and main verb in breckets.
1. I have a strong suspicion that someone
may have sabotaged (may/sabotage) the
assembly line, and that’s why it stopped.
2. The figures just don’t look right to
me, someone… (must/make) a mistake.
3. The photocopier……. (can’t/break) down
again. We only had it mended last week.
4. If the photocopier hs broken down
again, it’s becease you…… (must/use) the wrong paper.
5. I’m told you haven’t received the
package yet, and I’m afraid i…………… (migh/send) it to the wrong address.
6. I have a suspicion that our clients…..
(may/speak) to our competitors, and that’s why they haven’t put in an order
yet.
7. He……….. (must/read) my report by now
because I sent it over a week ago.
8. They’re so late! I suppose they…. (
could/get) lost coming here, though I did send them a map.
9. They……. (should/make) your order up
right no-I sent it through half an hour ago.
10. No. they…………….. (can’t/make) to do it.
I reminded them just recently.
Complete these sentences
in any way you like.
1. My assistat hasn’t come to work today.
She could…..
2. It’s completely new computer system,
it can’t…..
3. We gave you an enormous budget. You
can’t….
4. What a fantastic result to the
negotiation! You must……
5. I don’t know why they’ve dropped the
case. Their lawyers may….
6. He’s one of the international experts
on the subject. So he should……
Reading
Choose the best word, A,
B, C, or D, to complete this article from.
The economist.
Since,contry
to conventional wisdom, manufacturing 1
output has been growing strongly not 2….
The fall in employment in america and 3….
Should be seen as a good thing. It does not represent a dramatic 4…… shift of production from developed
economies to emerging ecomnomies. Instead, it largely reflects rapid producitivity5………… and because unemployment levels
in most developed economies have not increased druing the past decade, even
though manufacturing jobs have been lost, it would appear that most laid-off
factory workers have found new jobs.
Deindustrialization
the 6…….. of industrial jobs-is
popularly perceived as a symptom of economic decline. On the contrary, it is a
natural 7……… of economic
development. As a country gets richer, it is 8………… that a smaller proportion of workers will be needed in
manufacturing. The firs reason is that households need only so many cars,
fridges or mircrowaves, so as they become richer, they tend to spend a bigger 9………… of their income on services, such
as holidays, health and education, rather than on goods.
Second,
it is much easier to automate manufacturing than services, 10…….. men by machines, faster productivity growth than in services
means that meants that manufacturing needs fewer workers. In turn, as workers
move into more, productive 11…………
this gives a boost to overall productivity and hence living.12…………..
1. A. outlay B. output C.
outlet D. outset
2. A. reducing B. cutting C.
declining D. lowering
3. A. elsewhere B. wherever C.
anywhere D. throughout
4. A. utter B. extreme C. everhelming D.
wholesale
5. A. rise B. increase C.
growth D. surge
6. A. slippeage B. stoppage C.
shortage D. shrinkage
7. A. jump B. step C.
pace D. Phase
8. A. unacceptable B. unstoppable C.
inevitable D. unthinktable
9. A. lump B. bulk C.
chunk D. chop
10. A. changing B. switching C.
replacing D. substituting
11. A. regions B. areas C.
places D. zones
12. A. standars B. quality C.
patterns D. levels
Anwers
key
Vocabulary
1. C
2. B
3. D
4. B
5. D
6. C
Grammar
1. May have sabotaged
2. Must have mad
3. Can’t have broken
4. Must be using / must have been using /
must have used
5. Meight have sent
6. May have spoken / may have been
speaking / may be speaking
7. Must have read
8. Could have got
9. Should be making
10. Can’t have forgotten
Suggested
answers
1. Be ill / be taking the day off.
2. Have broken down already. / be
malfunctioning already.
3. Have spendt it all already.
4. Be really pleased with your
performance / have worked really hard.
5. Have told them they had no chance of
winning.
6. Know what he’s talking about.
Reading
1. B
2. C
3. A
4. D
5. C
6. D
7. D
8. C
9. C
10. C
11. B
12. A
Souce : Brook-Hart G.-Business Benchmark Advanced Personal SB
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